Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory-2 Restructured form helps clinicians in the assessment of a patient’s mental disorder, planning for treatment and identification of specific problematic areas. The instrument conceptualizes personality and psychopathology arrangements of narrow and relatively focused dimensional constructs. It measures 50-60 characteristics that describe an individual. The instrument describes an individual clearly and coherently as opposed to fitting clients to particular diagnostic categories or labeling them with disorders.PSY-5 AAGR constructs explain a person’s differences in instrumental and offensive aggression. AGGR consists of enjoyment of aggression against others and personal preference that employs aggression as a strategy to achieve their goals. AGGR does not capture the tendency towards dominance. The Psychoticism –Revised (PSYC-r) taps a person’s differences in reality testing. PSYC contains elements, for example, hypervigilance, unrealistic expectations of harm and unusual beliefs. The construct also contains elements that are similar to magical indentation, perceptual aberration, and absorption. Disconstraint Revised (DISC-r) shows a person’s characteristics in impulsivity, risk-taking and the degree to which a person’s behavior is less governed by traditional beliefs. Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism (NEGE-r) measures a person’s differences in disposition to experience negative emotions such as those of worrying, anxiety, guilt, and sadness. Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality (INTR-r) reflects a person’s capacity to express their joy and positive engagement it is also associated with extraversion and introversion. A study conducted by Petoskey and Safford (20130 of forensic samples by conducting a review of records of criminals that underwent assessment found that high scores of AGGR were associated with the history of antisocial personality disorder, juvenile offenses, school suspension and history of violence. PSYC in the study were related to juvenile offenders, suicidal indentation, violence, and unemployment.NEGE was associated with the history of suicidal attempts, depressed mood, sexual abuse, and chemical dependency. INTR is associated with the history of suicidal attempts, depressive disorder, and sexual abuse.

Millon’s theory postulates three major polarities these are active-passive, pleasure-pain and self-other. Millon describes core motivating aims that result in a unique personality. Milon arranges these motivating aims into adaptation, replication, and existence. The self-other theory describes a situation where an individual may be well adapted to the environment and the existence of all life forms is limited. A person then develops a replication aim that places their interpersonal interests. In this case, an organism is inconsiderate, insensitive, egoistic and socially uncaring. Also, a person turns to enhance their life for them to gain satisfaction and to avoid discomfort and physic pain. Those who look to themselves to satisfy their needs are referred to independent in self-other and those who look to others are termed dependent. Active passive polarity is where personality is maintained through an exchange of energy and information in its environment. One develops a passive orientation to be accommodated in the environment. Active personality is where one strives to make the environment more suitable for their personality. An example is where a person goes along with the crowd and getting what they deserve. Also, active personality is the behavior that individuals employ to maximize rewards and reduce pain. People characterized by active personality take initiatives and interact with the environment for them to obtain gratification that helps them avoid distress. On the other hand, passive individuals are reserved and maintain an accommodating stance in the environment. The pleasure-pain polarity is concerned about a person’s survival strategies. The polarity, in this case, is one for self-enhancement and life-preservationist is also concerned about orienting an individual towards enhancing their quality of life and orienting a person away from the actions that jeopardize their existence. Pleasure and pain polarity is manifested in actions that seek fulfillment without regard to emotional safety and is also a source of social discomfort. Millon’s theory helps clinicians use personality and clinician assessment instruments. It also helps in diagnosis to help identify target areas for intervention.

NEO personality inventory(NEO-PI) operationalizes the five-factor model of personality at the level of broad factors and at levels of specific traits it measures agreeableness, neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness and agreeableness of one of the five personality theory. A person with high rates of agreeableness in a personality test is always friendly, warm and tactful and has an optimistic view of human nature.

High scores of trust are used to believe that other people are honest and well-intentioned while low scores on this scale are cynical and skeptical and are used to assume others are dishonest or dangerous.

Individuals with high scores of straightforwardness are deemed sincere, frank and ingenious. Low scores of straightforwardness explain that people are willing to manipulate others by use of craftiness, flattery, and deception. Straightforwardness is tactics that are essential for social skills and see straightforward persons as naïve. Low scores in this scale are also likely to stretch to true feelings of a person and one should not interpret it as one is dishonest or is a manipulative person.

An individual with high scores of altruism is actively concerned with the welfare of others due to their willingness to help others, generosity and considers others who need help. A low score of altruism shows that a person is self-centered and is also reluctant to get involved in other people’s problems.

Compliance as a facet of agreeableness is concerned with an individual’s reactions to interpersonal conflict. High scores of compliances show that an individual defers from others, inhibits aggression and tend to forgive and forget. Compliant people, on the other hand, are meek and mild. Low scores of aggressiveness show that an individual is ready to compete as opposed to cooperating and are also reluctant to express their anger.

Individuals with high scores of modesty tend to be humble and are self-effacing and are not lacking in self –esteem, and self-confidence. Lows scores of modesty indicate that a person believes that they are superiors and are considered arrogant by others.

Tender-mindedness facet is used to measure the rate of sympathy and a person’s concern or others. High scores of tender mindedness show that one is moved by others and their needs are emphasized on the human side of social policies. Low scores show a person is hard-headed and are less moved by sympathetic appeals to pity and they consider themselves realists who make their decisions based on cold logic.